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Свойства и Приложения
1. Определение и структура
- Молекулярные ситаare porous materials with uniform pore sizes, typically composed of aluminosilicates(e.g., zeolites).
- They selectively adsorb small moleculeswhile excluding larger onesbased on size exclusion.
2. Ключевые характеристики
| Объект | Описание |
|---|---|
| Однородность размера пор | Precise pore diameters (e.g., 3Å, 4Å, 5Å, 10Å) for selective adsorption. |
| Большая площадь поверхности | Provides extensive adsorption capacity. |
| Термостойкость | Stable at high temperatures (up to 600–700°C). |
| гидрофильности | Strong affinity for water (used as desiccants). |
3. Приложения
- Separation & Purification
- Gas/Liquid Separation:
- Removal of H₂O (drying), CO₂, H₂S, and other impurities from natural gas, air, and solvents.
- Separation of isomers (e.g.,p-xylene fromo- а такжеm-ксилол).
- Кислородные концентраторы: Nitrogen removal from air (e.g., LiX zeolite).
- Gas/Liquid Separation:
- катализ
- Поддержка Catalyst: Enhances dispersion of active metals (e.g., Pt, Pd).
- Acidic/Basic Catalysis: Zeolites (e.g., ZSM-5, Y-type) for cracking, alkylation, and isomerization.
- Промышленное использование
- Сушильные агенты: Packed in desiccant columnsfor solvents and refrigerants.
- Нефтехимия: FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalysts in oil refining.
4. Распространенные типы
| Тип | Размер пор (Å) | Ключевые приложения |
|---|---|---|
| 3A | 3 | Drying polar liquids (ethanol, methanol). |
| 4A | 4 | Сушка на воздухе, CO₂ removal. |
| 5A | 5 | N₂/O₂ separation, petroleum refining. |
| 13X | 10 | CO₂ removal, gas purification. |
5. Regeneration & Reusability
- Термическая регенерация: Heating at 250-350 ° Сunder vacuum or inert gas to remove adsorbed molecules.
- Адсорбция при переменном давлении (PSA): Cyclic adsorption-desorption for continuous processes.
Фабрика и отгрузка
