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Natural Flavors: Source, Regulation, and Applications
1. Definition & Composition
- Натуральные ароматизаторыare flavoring substances derived from природные источники(plants, animals, or microbes) through physical, enzymatic, or microbial processes.
- Ключевые источники:
категорию Примеры Фрукты Citrus oils (lemon, orange), berry extracts Травы и специи Vanilla bean, cinnamon bark, peppermint Овощи Garlic, onion, celery concentrates Животные продукты Meat extracts, dairy-derived compounds (e.g., butter esters) Ферментация Yeast extracts, vinegar, mushroom broth - Методы извлечения:
- Перегонка: Steam distillation of essential oils (e.g., peppermint oil).
- Холодное прессование: Citrus fruit peels for zests.
- Ферментативный гидролиз: Breaking down proteins into savory umami compounds.
2. Нормативные стандарты
- FDA (США):
- Defined as essential oil, oleoresin, essence, or extractiveиз природных источников.
- May include carriers/solvents(e.g., ethanol, propylene glycol) during processing.
- EU (EFSA):
- Must comply with EU Flavour Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008.
- Prohibits synthetic additives unless naturally present in the source.
3. Natural vs. Synthetic Flavors
| Аспект | Естественные Ароматы | Синтетические ароматизаторы |
|---|---|---|
| Источник | Derived from plants, animals, or microbes. | Lab-synthesized chemicals. |
| Цена | Expensive (e.g., vanilla bean: ~200-400/кг). | Affordable (e.g., vanillin: ~$15/kg). |
| Согласованность | Variable (depends on crop, season, extraction). | Highly consistent. |
| Label Appeal | Preferred by “clean label” consumers. | Often perceived as artificial. |
| Восприятие здоровья | Seen as healthier but not always safer* (e.g., coumarin in cinnamon). | Regulated for safety but stigmatized. |
Пример: Natural миндальный ароматfrom apricot pits contains бензальдегид, which is chemically identical to synthetic versions.
4. Приложения
- Еда и напитки:
- пекарня: Vanilla extract, almond essence.
- Молочные продукты: Fruit purees in yogurts, cheese cultures.
- Снэки: Rosemary extract for natural preservation.
- пищевые добавки:
- Masking bitter tastes in protein powders (e.g., cocoa powder).
- Косметика:
- Essential oils in flavored lip balms.
5. Benefits & Limitations
| Плюсы | Минусы |
|---|---|
| Aligns with clean-label trends. | Ресурсоемкий(e.g., 500 kg of roses for 1 kg of rose oil). |
| No synthetic additives (if minimally processed). | Ограниченная масштабируемость(e.g., saffron, truffle). |
| Complex flavor profiles (e.g., >200 compounds in natural strawberry). | Потенциальные аллергены(e.g., celery extract in “natural” flavors). |
| Renewable sources (e.g., citrus waste for oils). | Риск «зеленого отмывания»(e.g., “natural smoke flavor” from processed lignin). |
Фабрика и отгрузка
